|
Laborde, Léon Emmanuel Simon Joseph, Marquis de A son of the Count Alexandre Louis Joseph de Laborde. He was educated in Göttingen, Germany, and travelled in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Arabia Petraea. He was secretary of the French embassy in Rome under Chateaubriand, was made conservateur of the Musée des antiquités du Louvre in 1831, and later directeur général of the archives of the empire and member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres (1842). He published Voyage de l'Arabie Pétrée (1830- 1833, folio); Les ducs de Bourgogne (1849- 1851, 3 vols. 8vo); La Renaissance des Arts à la cour de France (1850-1855, 8vo); Athènes aux XV, XVI et XVII siècles (1855, 2 vols., 8vo); Le Parthenon (1847 ff., unfinished); Voyage en Orient, Asie Mineure, et Syrie (1837-1862, 2 vols, folio); Glossaire Français du moyen âge (1872, 8vo); Les Archives de la France pendant la Revolution (Paris, I860, folio); Les Comptes des bâtiments du roi (1878-1880, 2 vols. 8vo).
Santi (Sancttos, Sanzio), Raffaello; called Raphael
Raphael was born at Urbiuo (Italy), the son of Giovanni Santi, a painter. About 1499 he entered the atelier of Perugino, at Perugia, and probably assisted in the decoration of the Cambio at Perugia, which was done at this time. According to Vasari, he also assisted Pinturicchio in decorating the library at Siena, begun in 1502. He visited Florence in 1504, and spent much time in that city until 1509. Raphael was called to Rome by Julius II (Pope 1503- 1513) in 1509, to assist in the decoration in fresco of a suite of apartments (stanza) in the Vatican already begun by Sodoma, Perugiuo, and others. The first stanza was finished in 1511. The second stanza was painted between 1511 and 1514; much of the execution was deputed to his assistants. The third stanza, still less the work of Raphael, was finished about 1517 by Giulio Romano. The decorations of the loggie of the Vatican were begun in 1517. In 1514 he painted at the Villa Farnesina (Rome) the fresco of "Galatea," and later made the designs for the "Marriage of Cupid and Psyche." The splendid sibyls in the Chigi chapel at the church of S. Maria della Pace (Rome) were painted at about the same time as the "Galatea." When Bramante died (March 11, 1514), Raphael succeeded him as architect of S. Peter's; with him were associated Fra Giocondo and others. Raphael's principal innovation was to substitute a Latin for the Greek cross of Bramante. His reputation as architect rests mainly upon obscure statements by Vasari. He may have designed those portions of the Villa Madama (Rome) which were built before 1520, although existing measured drawings for that building are by Antonio (II) and Battista da San Gallo. The Pandolfini palace (Florence) is ascribed to Raphael, but was begun after his death. The Farnesina villa was undoubtedly the work of Baldassare Peruzzi. Raphael may have designed the Chigi chapel at the church of S. Maria del Popolo and the palace of Giovanni Battista dell' Aquila (Rome), which has disappeared.
|
Quondam © 2009.04.02 |