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Audran, Claude The family of Audran furnished five generations of artists represented by sixteen individuals, most of them engravers. Claude Audran was a pupil of Noël Coypel and assisted Errard in the decoration of Versailles, the Louvre, and the Tuileries. He assisted Charles Lebrun in many important undertakings. The more famous engraver, Gérard Audran, was a younger brother.
Haussmann, Georges Eugène The family of Baron Haussmann came originally from Cologne, Germany. He was educated at the Collège Henri IV, Paris, now Lycée Condorcet. He sided with Louis Philippe in the revolution of 1830, and May 22, 1831, was made secrétaire général of the préfecture of Vienne, France. He was promoted to various sous-préfectures. Haussmann was a supporter of Louis Napoleon who, as President of the Republic, appointed him to the préfecture of the Var, January, 1849. Haussmann assisted Napoleon III. in the Coup d'État of Nov. 7, 1852, and on Jan. 23, 1853, was appointed Préfet de la Seine. He held that office for sixteen years and accomplished a complete transformation of the city of Paris. He remodelled the sanitary system of the city, destroyed old quarters, annexed suburbs, laid out boulevards and wide streets, created parks and public gardens. Under his patronage, also, several monumental works on the history, archaeology, and architecture of Paris were prepared and published, such as Histoire générale de Paris, Paris dans sa splendeur (3 vols, folio), Promenades de Paris (2 vols, folio, 1867-1873), and other works. He was removed from office at the commencement of the ministry of Emile Olivier in January, 1870, and devoted the remainder of his life to the preparation of his Memoirs.
Scott, Sir George Gilbert In 1827 he was articled to James Edmeston, and in 1832 entered the office of Henry Roberts. In 1844 he won first prize in the competition for the church of S. Nicholas at Hamburg, Germany, to replace the building burned in 1842. This he built in the German Gothic style of the fourteenth century, with a tower 475 feet high. In 1847 he was appointed architect of Ely cathedral, and architect of Westminster Abbey in 1849, where he restored the chapter house, monuments, and northern portal. His Gleanings from Westminster Abbey was published in 1862. After competition he was appointed in 1858 architect of the building of the War and Foreign offices, London. His first designs were Gothic, but he was required by Lord Palmerston's government to substitute a design in the style of the Italian Renaissance, according to which the building was erected (begun 1861). He afterward completed this block of buildings by erecting the Home and Colonial Offices. Between 1863 and 1868 Scott designed and built the Albert Memorial in Hyde Park, London. In 1866 he was one of the six competitors for the'Royal Courts of Justice in London. He won the gold medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1859, and was president of that body from 1873 to 1876. He was appointed professor of architecture at the Royal Academy in 1868. His lectures were published under the title Mediaeval Architecture (2 vols. 8vo, 1879). |
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